The Political System of Ancient Egypt
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This 5 page paper gives a broad outline of the political power in ancient Egypt, looking at the role of the kings and pharaohs, as well as the civil administration with the power and position of the viziers. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEegptpl.wps

The Pre-Columbian Civilizations of the Maya and the Inca
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This is a 5 page paper about the Maya and Inca civilizations and some of their similarities and differences. The Maya and Inca were both prominent civilizations which existed in the pre-Columbian period in Meso and South America. Both civilizations had elaborately designed cities and agricultural systems. The Inca in addition had also built a large road system and terracing system to maintain their population while the Maya are also known for their well developed writing system. Both civilizations also developed highly accurate calendars to aid in their yearly rituals and lives. The Inca worshiped the Sun god over all and their kings were said to be descended from this god while the Maya religion was based more on universal acceptances and had many gods. Politically, the Inca had a much more diverse political system which was dependent upon trade and the acceptance of many independently run cities which all served under the “Inca”. The Maya although based over a large area were a much more synchronized group and trade was based on agriculture and operated largely within the large urban centers. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJMayaI1.rtf

The Ptolemaic Dynasty:
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This 5 page paper discusses the role of the "divine ruler" of this later period of Egyptian history (320-30BC.) The concept of kingship is a key to understanding the development of Egyptian civilization. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBegypt.doc.

The Religious Orientation of the Deir el-Madina Villagers
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This 5 page paper looks at the village of Deir el-Madina in the New Kingdom of Egypt, assessing the religious views of the villagers based on the artefacts recovered from the village. Particular attention is paid to the gods Bes and Taweret. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEDiergods.rtf

The Roman Games:
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This 5 page paper explores the origins of the Roman games which were motivated by morality and service to state. From there, the Roman games evolved into horrifc spectacles of violence and carnage, which served as an instrument of the state. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSRgames.rtf

The Romans and Visigoths in Ancient Spain
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This 6 page report discusses the Spain of the Romans and then the Visigoths. The Romans conquered Spain in the last years of the third century B.C. Historical accounts have shown that they took every advantage of the military and economic opportunities offered by Spain at the expense of Spain’s indigenous societies. When the Germanic peoples invaded the provinces of the Roman Empire, the hordes, urged forward by the pressure of the Huns in their rear, hurled themselves for the first time upon the Pyrenean Peninsula. The Visigothic Kingdom lasted for two centuries in Spain. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWrovisp.wps

The Search for Arab Identity, Ethnicity, Religion and Prejudice in Today’s World
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This is a 10 page paper discussing the different issues involved in the search for the Arab identity in today’s world. The search for the Arab identity involves a wide search which originally spans the vast area from Morocco to the Arab Gulf and eventually incorporates the entire world including the Western world. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TJArabw1.rtf

The Search for Noah's Ark
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A 7 page paper which discusses the search for Noah's Ark. The paper presents some of the more recent findings and illustrates that the ark still remains undiscovered. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAnoahsark.wps

The Siege of Constantinople
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A 5-page paper on the battle that signaled the end of the Byzantine Empire and the Middle Ages. Included are discussions of the issues and personalities involved, the technologies and strategies used and its lasting effect on the modern world. References list 4 sources.
Filename: khconst.rtf

The Temple-State System in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
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This 3 page paper discusses the temple-state system that became in the ancient Near East and the differences between the system in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVtmplst.rtf

The Vikings
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A 3 page overview of the impacts these warriors had on the world, particularly on Western Europe. The author emphasizes that while the Vikings are often remembered in a negative light they also had positive impacts on the regions they invaded. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: PPviking.rtf

The “Sun Stone” or Aztec Calendar -- Meanings, Iconography, Purposes:
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This 11 page report discusses the ancient civilization of the Aztecs and their remarkable “Sun Stone” or calendar. In the Aztec system there are actually two Aztec calendars that are essentially independent of one another. However, both are on the “Sun Stone.” They reflect two different aspects of time which represent the two most important aspects of Aztec life -- agriculture and spirituality. One of the calendars marks 365 days and is called the xiuhpohualli. It describes the days and rituals that are connected with the different seasons, and is generally thought of as the agricultural or solar year calendar. The other calendar consists of only 260 days. In the language of the Aztecs (Nahuatl), it is called the tonalpohualli simply meaning the “day-count.” Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWaztec.wps

Theodora and Justinian: Partners in Ruling the Byzantine Empire
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This 5 page report discusses one of the ancient world’s most renowned leaders, the Byzantine emperor, Justinian (483-565). Historians have often referred to him in some variation on the theme of “the last of the great Roman emperors.” His wife, the Empress Theodora, became known for her ravishing beauty as well as her ruthless manner and haughty disposition despite her early years as an actress and “dancing girl.” Theodora and Justinian personify what has come to be known as something of an archetype regarding the way the ancient and near ancient kingdoms and empires were once ruled. The person gaining the throne through birth, usually a male, was balanced and complemented by his (or her) partner in terms of actually ruling. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWjstheo.wps

Thomas Cahill's "How the Irish Saved Civilization"
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A 5 page paper which summarizes Cahill's book "How the Irish Saved Civilization." In addition the paper addresses how Cahill's work relates to Noble's Western Civilization textbook. Bibliography lists 4 additional sources.
Filename: RAcahill.wps

Three Historical Points
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This 3 page paper discusses three intriguing moments in history: the Harappan Valley civilization; the differences among Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism, and the settlement of Rus. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HV3Histo.rtf

THUCYDIDES: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES BEHIND THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
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5 pages in length. According to the political ideologies of Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War," the primary cause of conflict between Sparta and Athens was the fact that the Athenians tried to create a problem between the city-states of Corinth and Corcyra. Athens was summoned to help the Corcyraeans; they proved only a shielded alliance with Corcyra. Corinth, on the other hand, found an ally in Sparta, who came to their aid and ultimately set in place all the elements for war – a backdrop to the conflict. A fear of lost economy was named as yet another reason for the battle’s start, in addition to the obvious political motivation. As well, it was thought that Athens’ movement away from orthodox religious beliefs had caused them great strife with the gods, whose anger thrust them into military defeat in the Peloponnesian War. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCpelop.wps

Turkey
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This 11 page paper examines Turkey as a tourist destination. The paper starts by considering the importance of tourism to the country and then looking at a number of places of historical interest including the Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya), The Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Camii), Dolmabahçe Palace, Troy, Aphrodisias, Cappadocia, Pamukkale, Safranbolu, Mount Nemrut, Halil Rahman Mosque, The Temple of Artemisat at Ephesus, The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus in Bodrum, and finally The House of The Virgin Mary. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEturkeyt.rtf