The Impact of Geography on the Development of City-States in Mesopotamia and the Nile River Valley
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This 3 page paper discusses the impact the geography – specifically the rivers – had on the development of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia and the Nile River Valley. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVMsoEgy.rtf

The Importance of Assyrian History
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A 3 page paper which examines the importance and significance of the Assyrian Empire history. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAassih.rtf

The Importance of Historical Timelines
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A 4 page emphasis that timelines allow a point of comparison for world cultures, civilizations, and technologies. Without a timeline individual events could not be understood in the context of what was happening either at other points in the world or in perspective to the particular event or development and its geographic and cultural background. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhistTm.rtf

The Importance of Mesopotamia
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the historical, social, technological and economic importance of early Mesopotamia, which as been described as the "Cradle of Civilization." This paper outlines some of the historical elements related to the creation of civilization in this area, including a view of two Mesopotamian civilizations that existed between 3500 BC and 333 BC. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHMesoCr.rtf

The Importance of Nubia in the Ancient World: Historical, Geographical and Meroe
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This is a 10 page paper discussing the historical and geographical importance of ancient Nubia. The importance of ancient Nubia, a region which existed from the First to the Sixth Cataracts along the Nile, was very much related to its conflict and economic relationship with ancient Egypt during the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms from 2550-1000 B.C. Nubia, which existed just to the south of the powerful Egyptian kingdom was very much dominated by Egypt and the Nubians adopted many of the Egyptian religious rituals and their writing system. Nubia in turn proved to be very important for the wealth of Egypt as Nubia was the center of commerce along the Nile and united the goods and regions from the south to that in Egypt in the north. In addition, the Nubian region was also a large mining area for gold and electrum as well as the production of hard rock and copper necessary for the building industry. Nubian laborers, craftsmen and archers were also valued by the Egyptians during their eras of great production and defence. Nubia further proved its importance when the New Kingdom began to collapse and Egypt was severed into rivaling states. At this time, the Nubian kings protected Thebes, reunited Egypt and ruled over both Nubia and Egypt until 663 B.C. when the Assyrians attacked. The Nubians moved south and later established the Kingdom of Meroe which continued its relationship with its southern trading partners and maintained an independence which increased the strength of the Nubian culture and writing system until 300 A.D. Overall, the Nubian region and people were responsible for much of the economic stability as a major center of trade and the continuing production of precious metals and building materials in addition to the maintenance of this trade during the end of the domination of Egypt in the region. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJimNub1.rtf

The Influences of Ancient History
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A 5 page paper which examines how ancient history in Egypt, China, Greece, and India have influenced our societies. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RAanhis2.rtf

The Key Developments in the Indus Valley (5000 B. C. to 1900 B. C.)
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This 5 page paper considers the major developments and the shift of the people to the flood plain of the Indus Valley between 5000 and 1900 B. C. This paper considers the elements that contributed to the growth and sustainability of the culture during this era, including population growth, expanse in trade, religion, and increasing technologies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHIndusV.wps

The Late Ottoman Empire and Legitimacy
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A 6 page research paper that examines the efforts of the last of the Ottoman sultans to save their failing empire. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: 90sultan.rtf

The Life of a Woman in Ancient Greece:
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This 7 page paper constructs the life of a character named Eleni, who is a young woman in ancient Greek society. This paper delves into all aspects of her life, illustrating how life in this time period would have been for such a young women. Issues addressed include marriage, food, dress, social activities, role of women, politics, etc. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSGrklif.rtf

The Maintenance of the Imperial Presence in Nubia and Western Asia during the 18th and 19th Dynasties of the New Kingdom in Egypt
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the Egyptian imperial presence in Nubia and Western Asia during the 18th and 19th Dynasties. The 18th and 19th Dynasties in Egypt during the time of the New Kingdom were known as the times when the pharaohs gained, and lost, a great deal of land. When the land was gained it was from the conquest of the regions of Nubia and Asia. The military regime which was established in the 18th Dynasty was reported to treat the Nubian and Asian leaders and captives with a great deal of cruelty in their efforts to expand and unite the kingdom of Egypt and during this time a great deal of wealth was transferred from the regions of Nubia and Asia to the Egyptian capital. Most of the land was lost during the end of the 18th Dynasty and regained during the beginning of the 19th Dynasty. Although areas of Nubia and Asia were once again conquered and the wealth was transferred to central Egypt, the long reign and alliances formed by Ramesses II brought a long era of peace to the region and reports of the cruelty to the Nubians and Asians are not as prevalent during this time. The peace did not continue however as continued conflict with the Hittites and other tribes continued and once again the regions were lost near the end of the 19th Dynasty. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJNubWA1.rtf

The Meaning of Civilization and the Political, Economic, and Social Realities of Ancient Egypt
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This 5 page report discusses the meaning of civilization in terms of how it comes to be and what it means when ancient people came together to form political, social, and economic systems and alliances. Ancient Egypt is discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWanegyp.wps

The Neolithic Age & The Dawn of Modern Civilization
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5 pages in length. An insightful research paper on the importance of The Neolithic Age-- the period just before the dawn of Egyptian Civilization -- which is known to have given birth to modern humanity, art, architecture, religion etc; Because there are so few written records of this era, we know so little about this time-- and yet this only adds to our fascination with it. Specific techniques for Neolithic art, architecture, pottery, carving, ritual, and more are described throughout most of the report. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Neolithi.wps

The Neolithic Revolution
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A paper which considers the importance of the Neolithic Revolution, in terms of the transition from nomadic culture to agricultural cultivation, and the impact which this had on the nature of society and culture. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLneorev.rtf

The Neolithic Revolution
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This 6 page paper examines the Neolithic Revolution. Attention is paid to the development of pottery. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA747Neo.rtf

The Nile River:
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This 5 page paper discusses the Nile river, it's history and it's importance. Furthermore, this paper examines hoe the Nile river influenced nearly every aspect of ancient civilization. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GSNileRv.rtf

The Origins and Distinctions of First Cities from Settlements
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This is a 15 page paper discussing the origin and distinction of the first cities from communities. There are certain elements which distinguish a settlement from a city and it is the discovery of these elements during excavations of ancient sites that anthropologists and sociologists can determine the timeline of the development of cities from communities. The size of the center does not seem to relate to whether the inhabitants lived in a city or a community, but rather it is the structure of the center than matters. Cities differentiate from communities in that they have centralized structures which indicate that they had a central political system for organization. Another important aspect of cities is that they are distinct in the consistency of the type and materials used in the architecture which indicates that the same group of people, specialists and artisans, constructed the buildings which would indicate the presence of a division of labor. Socially, theories of the formation of cities range from the need for a centralized religious, political or authoritarian group or the need for the organization of irrigation in regards to the betterment of the agricultural society. Regardless of their structure and their development cities are also known to be more “organic” in that the people who would not always agree socially or religiously still worked as a whole for the necessity of need for the works and labors of others. Communities were considered more naturally “mechanical” as the people worked together as a whole and remained together because of family or kinship ties in addition to having the same beliefs, rituals and symbols. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJcitys1.rtf

The Peloponnesian War
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(5 pp) During this period of Greek history we might be reminded of a large and boisterous family, that is comfortable fighting among themselves, but will unite against a common enemy. Persia was that common enemy for the Greeks. Once the Persians were defeated, the internal conflict between city-states resumed with The Peloponnesian War lasting for 27 years. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBpelwar.doc