Defining Osmosis
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page report discusses and explains the concept of osmosis which is how one element or ingredient of a solution flows through a membrane while other components of a solutuon are shut out and unable to pass through the membrane. In order to determine which membranes allow the flow of which constituents of a solution requires experimentation since not all membranes act the same way. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWosmos.rtf

Dental Fillings: History, Types and Uses
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page discussion of the history of dental fillings. Traces the filling from ancient times to present exploring the various types of materials which were used. Explains that the choice of filling is related to performance but also to availability and cost. Notes that the evolutionary path of fillings is tied as well to the evolutionary paths of other dentistry aspects such as drill evolution and the development of molding techniques and materials. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdentFi.wps

Discuss how well Popper’s model of Conjectures and Refutations applies to Fleming's Work on Penicillin
[ send me this paper ]
A paper which considers the differences between Popper's methodology and that of the inductionists, and applies the theories to Fleming's discovery of penicillin. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLpoper.rtf

Dr. Willis H. Carrier: Father of Air Conditioning
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page paper which examines the life and contribution of Dr. Willis H. Carrier, the Father of Air Conditioning. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAaircn.rtf

Drug Chemistry: The Effect of Ionization of Absorption and Excretion
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page overview of the relation of drug ionization, specifically of whether the drug is a weak acid or a weak base, to its absorption into the body and consequent excretion from the body. Notes a differential absorption and excretion, according to physiological pH, as to where the drug is absorbed and when it is excreted. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPdrugCh.rtf

Early Photography: The Calotype
[ send me this paper ]
(7pp) The base of a calotype negative, rather than the glass or film to which we have become accustomed, was high quality writing paper. The sheet of paper was carefully selected to have a smooth and uniform texture and, wherever possible, to avoid the watermark. It was offered as the chief alternative to the Daguerreotype and was more popular with amateur photographers, artists, and scientists, who used it widely, since the negative could be corrected with pencil. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBcalotp.doc

Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on G Proteins
[ send me this paper ]
This 12 page report discusses the effects of volatile (inhalation) anesthetics on G-proteins. G proteins are a key to the chemical “switches” that get take place in order to communicate messages in the body. As the receptors react, they change shape which then allows for the G protein to also change. It releases the a GDP molecule and grabs onto a related molecule called GTP. Having attached the GTP to itself, it then acts on membrane processes such as enzymes and ion channels. That process then results in a new “messenger” molecule -- cyclic AMP. An 'enzymatic cascade' then takes place because the AMP causes a protein reaction. A literature review is included that outlines a number of the projects regarding the subject that have been undertaken in the past decade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWvolane.rtf

Energy Transfer in Cells
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page paper considers energy transfer in cells. The writer looks at the process, defining what is meant by energy and how it can be seen as a two way function of energy transformation. The writer includes consideration of the Laws of Thermodynamics, the role of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic pathways. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEcellen.wps

Enzymes and the Krebs Cycle
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing enzymes at their most basic level. Comprised of amino acids, enzymes are the catalysts of myriad biochemical reactions. In keeping with the true nature of catalysts, they accelerate and enable reactions without being materially affected themselves. The second section of the paper presents a diagram of the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Taking place in the mitochondria of the cell, the citric acid cycle is the last in a series of steps that convert 'food' into 'energy.' Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenzyme.wps

Equilibrium and Drinking Water Purification
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page exploration of the chemical factors that facilitate the use of reverse osmosis to purify drinking water. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: PPosmosisReverseSaltWater.rtf

Factors Affecting Stomatal Opening
[ send me this paper ]
This 14 page paper looks at the different factors that influence stomatal opening and how these factors are seen as a biochemical level. The paper outlines the environmental factors that create or inhibit the stomatal opening and then examines the role of guard cells and the way they may open and close the aperture and the way that the actions of the guard cells may be adjusted. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEstomat.rtf

Food and Freezing
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page paper which discusses the changes food goes through during the freezing process. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAfoodf.rtf

Food Colorings
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing the use, origins and controversy of food color additives. The visual appeal of attractive food is too well established to believe that the FDA will make any real effort to remove food coloring agents from its list of approved additives. The product class can be expected to continue to be important, particularly in prepared foods. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSfoodColor.rtf

Fuel Cell Technology
[ send me this paper ]
A 22 page paper that provides a comprehensive overview of fuel cell technology. Discussion includes: an introduction to fuel cells, what they are, how they work and the types of fuel cells in research; applications for fuel cell technology, including those that are already in use; fuel cell-powered motor vehicles and what the progress is in this industry, including manufacturers who have already introduced fuel cell-powered cars and the forecasts for the near future; issues concerning hydrogen; problems and disadvantages with fuel cells and a conclusion. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGfuelcl.rtf

Gate-Induced Superconductivity in a Solution Processed Organic Polymer Film
[ send me this paper ]
This 8 page paper provides an overview of an article on gate-induced superconductivity in a solution processed organic polymer film. The researchers recognized that considerable research has been conducted in recent years regarding the best options for low-cost replacements for conventional metals and other semiconductors. They outline their own research study, and this paper also shows some conflicts that arose from this study. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: MHGateIn.rtf

Generic Verses Brand Name / Which Is The Best Anticoagulant?
[ send me this paper ]
A 8 page comparison of the brand-name anticoagulant Coumadin and the generic equivalent warfarin sodium. Outlines research methodology recommended to discern differences in the two drugs and provides information obtained both through a review of the literature and through oral interviews. Concludes that at present the brand-name Coumadin would appear to be the safer choice. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: Anticoag.wps

Hallucinogens
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper which examines various hallucinogens. The hallucinogens are classified and the divisions of hallucinogens are presented. The hallucinogens discussed and examined are LSD and psilocybin. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAhalluc.rtf