Ecosystems: North and South
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(5 pp). As we move into a new century we become more aware of how hard we were on the planet in the last one hundred years. This discussion examines the general criteria of an ecosystem, and then illustrates what an ecosystem is, by describing one on a north facing slope, and one on a south facing slope. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBecoNSR.doc

Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Germination of Erigeron Species
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A 15 page scientific report regarding the germination rates of two species of fleabanes, Oregon fleabane (Erigeron speciosus) and Piper's Daisy (Erigeron piperianus). Provides information regarding the distribution and ecologies of the two species, their importance from both agricultural and ecological standpoints, and information (based on the unpublished work of Ronald J. Burkey at Washington State University Agricultural Research Center in Prosser WA) regarding their relative germinations under varying planting depths, soil types, cold treatment verses no cold treatment, and light exposure verses germination in the dark. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Erigspec.wps

Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on G Proteins
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This 12 page report discusses the effects of volatile (inhalation) anesthetics on G-proteins. G proteins are a key to the chemical “switches” that get take place in order to communicate messages in the body. As the receptors react, they change shape which then allows for the G protein to also change. It releases the a GDP molecule and grabs onto a related molecule called GTP. Having attached the GTP to itself, it then acts on membrane processes such as enzymes and ion channels. That process then results in a new “messenger” molecule -- cyclic AMP. An 'enzymatic cascade' then takes place because the AMP causes a protein reaction. A literature review is included that outlines a number of the projects regarding the subject that have been undertaken in the past decade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWvolane.rtf

El Niño's Effects on Agriculture
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A 5 page paper discussing the change of global weather patterns common with the cyclical El Niño originating in the Pacific Ocean. It has been said that the farmer is the finest example of compulsive gambler in existence. That El Niño events will continue to occur is a given, but prediction and management of them can minimize their negative effects while allowing some producers to take advantage of temporary conditions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSelNiño.wps

Energy Transfer in Cells
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This 5 page paper considers energy transfer in cells. The writer looks at the process, defining what is meant by energy and how it can be seen as a two way function of energy transformation. The writer includes consideration of the Laws of Thermodynamics, the role of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic pathways. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEcellen.wps

Entamoeba histolytica: Description, History, and Etiology of an Organism Associated with Infectious Diarrhea and Dysentery
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A 5 page overview of this single-celled eukaryote, a common parasite among all classes of vertebrates, several invertebrates, and quite possibly a variety of unicellular organisms. This paper provides a morphological description of the organism, an overview of its life history, and a review of its impacts to humans and the treatment methodologies which are employed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdysent.rtf

Enzymes and the Krebs Cycle
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A 5 page paper discussing enzymes at their most basic level. Comprised of amino acids, enzymes are the catalysts of myriad biochemical reactions. In keeping with the true nature of catalysts, they accelerate and enable reactions without being materially affected themselves. The second section of the paper presents a diagram of the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Taking place in the mitochondria of the cell, the citric acid cycle is the last in a series of steps that convert 'food' into 'energy.' Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenzyme.wps

Epidermal Stem Cell and their Role in Wound Healing
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This 6 page paper considers how epidermal stems cells may play a role in healing wounds. The paper discusses the healing process and looks at recent research which indicates the importance of dermal sheath cells in speeding and increasing the quality of wound healing. The bibliography cites 19 sources.
Filename: TEstemce.rtf

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
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A 5 page overview of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, its life cycle and its effect on horses. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Eqenceph.wps

Ethics and Brain Research
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A 7 page research paper & argumentative essay that considers the ramifications of the latest advancements in neuroscience, such as "smart pills." The writer argue that policymakers would be wise to listen to voices warning against the hubris of altering humanity's most distinguished feature, its capacity for reason, the human brain. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khethbr.rtf

Evidence of Violent and Non-Violent Cultures in Non-Human Primates
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This 11 page report discusses the fact that when the concept of culture is examined in relationship to biological anthropology, it offers insight to the ways in which certain behaviors have developed and whether as they can be thought of as unique to one species or if there is a biological predetermination to be addressed. Therefore, it is important to look at the behaviors and cultures of different non-human primates and determine the ways in which that has influenced the development of humanity. The author of the report uses the example of violent (chimpanzees) and non-violent (bonobos) social relationships to consider such questions. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWprimat.rtf

Evolution & Christian Theology
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A 7 page research paper that examines whether or not Christian theology can accommodate scientific theories about the evolution. The writer, citing the emerging science of chaos and complexity theory, argues that science and theology can be reconciled. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khevocom.rtf

Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens
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A 10 page discussion of the mechanisms through which bacterial pathogens evolve. Bacterial pathogens evolve in reference to a number of factors. These are both natural factors and manmade factors. Bacterial evolution in response to antibiotics is one example of this relationship. This evolution occurs both clinically and in areas such as uncontained landfills that have been the recipient of hospital wastes. Once bacteria evolve to reflect a resistance to antibodies they retain that evolutionary feature. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPpathog.rtf

Evolutionary Mechanisms: The Theory of Heterozygote Superiority Verses The Selfish Gene Theory
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A 9 page discussion of the mechanisms by which evolution occurs. Contrasts the theory of the selfish gene proposed by Richard Dawkins with that of the theory of heterozygote superiority held to by evolutionary biologists such as E. Sober. An overview of each theory is presented. The conclusion is drawn that although certain “selfish” elements do exist (such as is the case with certain highly repetitive DNA sequences) if these elements replicated to the point where it constituted the entire genome of the organism the organism would be sterile and without offspring the too successful gene would be doomed to death. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPgeneNo.rtf

Evolutionary Theory and the Existence of Art in the Human Experience
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This 5 page report discusses the reasons behind the existence of art from the point of view of writers and researchers who see it as a fundamental component of the evolutionary processes of humanity. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWevoart.rtf

Evolutionary Wonders: Examples from the Plant and Animal Kingdoms
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A 7 page overview of the marvels of evolution as reflected in six very different representatives of the plant and animal kingdom. This paper notes the lessons mankind might learn from birds, insects, and even the lowly parasitic worms as well as food crops such as corn, medicinal plants such as foxglove, and ornamentals such as the exotic water hyacinth. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPbioFav.rtf

Examination of Journal Articles on Cells
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A 5 page paper which examines and analyzes two separate articles dealing with cells. The articles, both originating from Scientific American, are “A ready-made controversy. (SA Perspectives). (cloning and its controversies)” and “What clones? Widespread scientific doubts greet word of the first human embryo clones. (Stem Cells).” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAcells.rtf