Catastrophism and the Extinction of the Dinosaurs
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An 8 page discussion of the events which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. Suggests that a meteoric impact with the earth set in motion a series of environmental events which ultimately translated into dinosaur extinction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdinoC2.wps

Catecholamine Secretion
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A page overview of the complexity of mechanisms involved in the secretion of catecholamine hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline). This paper emphasizes the importance of the chromaffin cells of the the adrenal medulla. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPchroma.rtf

Causal Analysis of Race for Gene Patenting
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5 pages in length. This paper is a causal analysis for a paper concerning human genome patenting. In it, the controversy is clearly stated along with a strong thesis regarding what the most significant causes of the problem are. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAhgnme.wps

Cavity Wall Tie Failure
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This 20 page paper looks at this specific engineering problem. A history of the problem is included. Various companies providing solutions are discussed as well as the specific resolutions. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA327tie.rtf

Cell Biology / Article Reviews
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Contains two reviews of articles relevant to cell biology- each one is 2 pages in length (4 pages total for this file) and contains the writer's own personal reaction. Citations are : Rowe, Paul M. (1994). Cell death according to plan. The Lancet, 344 (8925), 812 -&- Cohen, Jon. (1994). 'Long PCR leaps into larger DNA sequences.' Science, 263 (5153), 1564-1565.
Filename: Biolarti.wps

Cell Biology / Essay Answers
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7 pages worth of responses to several very-detailed and comprehensive questions in cell biology. Please write to us for more information. No Bibliography.
Filename: Biolexam.wps

Cell Structure
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An 8 page overview of cellular structure. Defines a cell and distinguishes between plant and animal cells. List the major cellular components and describes their structure and function. Includes a Roman Numeral outline. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcellSt.wps

Cellular Transport of the Enzyme Rubisco
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A 4 page discussion of the function of the enzyme rubisco in regard to its importance in plant photosynthesis. The author describes the enzyme, detailing a molecular composition which enables it to interact with and be impacted by environmental constituents such as heat, carbon dioxide, and inactive rubisco. This same molecular composition plays an important role in the binding process which allows the enzyme to be transported throughout plant tissue. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPenzRub.rtf

Centrifugal And Coriolis Forces
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A 5 page overview of the two forces and their interaction. Centrifugal force is that fictitious force that imparts a general feeling of weightlessness for astronauts and is also the force by which washing machines extract excess water from wet clothes. The Coriolis effect holds that an object which moves in a straight line above the surface of the Earth (and not parallel to the equator) will appear to curve because the Earth is turning under it. Together, both are important for space travel. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Coriolis.wps

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
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This 10 page paper deals with the history, development and applications for cerebral angiography. Technical procedures are exampled and quotes given from leading medical sources. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MBbrain.rtf

Cesium
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A 5 page overview of Cesium. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAcesum.rtf

Chaetognatha (Arrow Worms)
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A 3 page morphological and ecological description of arrow worms. These organisms have evolved to have several advantages in their chosen habitats. They are important not just as predators but as a food source for higher organisms and as host species for various parasites. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPwormsA.rtf

Chalmers' Theory-Dependence Of Observation
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5 pages in length. Science, solidly entrenched in undeniable substantiation, is the epitome of tangible thought; without benefit of concrete evidence, simple conjecture is all exists in the ongoing quest for knowledge. Thus, according to Chalmers' (1976) Theory-Dependence of Observation is the foundation upon which scientific knowledge is formulated; without empirical replication, science would have no way of evolving from observation to unmitigated proof. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TLCChalmers.rtf

Chameleons: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Ecology
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A 5 page overview of the group of animals we know as chameleons. The author provides a specific phylogenetic classification of these animals from Kingdom to Species, noting the similarities in evolutionary pattern with other vertebrates and distinguishing the chameleon from other lizards on the basis of key taxonomic criteria. A discussion of the ecology of the group as a whole is presented as is a brief notation on the endangered status of one specific example of this group, Chamaeleo belalandaensis. A detailed explanation of how and why the chameleon changes color is included as well. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPchamel.rtf

Changes in Funding for Scientific Research Between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
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This 8 page paper examines the ways in which research had been funded prior to the twentieth century. Changes throughout the twentieth century around war time as well as afterwards are noted as important developments. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA419sci.rtf

Chaos Theory
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An 8 page research paper on chaos theory, fractals, etc;. The beginnings of chaos theory are discussed briefly, citing scientists who initially made discoveries and fostered the study of chaos, e.g., Lorenz, Mandelbrot. Based on the research, a premise is put forth: if order can be found in the most complex systems, then order or patterns can be found in events thought to be without any order (animal stampedes are used as one of several examples). Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Chaos.wps

Chaos Theory
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This 8 page report discusses the fact that, at its core, chaos theory and its direct relationship to physics, since it is the science of physics which determined that all movement can be defined as being determined, random, or chaotic. The concepts as well as the history of how those concepts were reached are presented. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWchaos.rtf