A Critique of the “Strong Programme” in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge
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An 11 page outline of the contention presented by researchers such as Barry Barnes and David Bloor. This paper recognizes the fact that factors such as social and political ideologies, group interests, and even competing personal and professional interests has greatly impacted our interpretation of scientific fact. The author contends, however, that while sociological circumstance can influence our understanding of science, that circumstance is incapable of changing actual scientific fact. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPsciKnw.rtf

A Day Without Magnetism
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5 pages in length. A day without magnetism would mean a day without existence, inasmuch as magnets and magnetism are related to virtually every aspect of life. From the smallest particle known to man to the most tremendous man-made structures, magnetism provides the cohesive element required for existence. In essence, a day without magnetism would render the earth and all its inhabitants in immediate peril, because this planet is nothing if not one huge magnet all its own. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCmgnet.wps

A Dialogue Between a Deep Ecologist and a Social Ecologist:
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This 4 page paper presents the "characters" of deep ecologist Sessions with social ecologist Guha, and is set-up as a dialogue between the two men. The purpose of the dialogue is to reveal through a series of questions and answers the basic ideologies of deep ecology and social ecology. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSDeepec.rtf

A False Confidence in Western Science: An Exploration of the Flexibility and Changing Paradigms within the World of Scientific Discovery
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This is a 7 page paper discussing the false confidence modern man should have in the proven “realities” of Western science. While modern day scientists seem confident in providing “proven” scientific discoveries and conclusions, historical evidence would seem to provide an alternative scenario which would show that man should have little if any confidence in the science or the technologies of his generation. Throughout history, science has been considered as studying reality which was formerly the place of religion. Western scientists in particular separated science from religion and held Western science in high regard. Western science and the discoveries within it have relied a great deal on the technologies from the East which are now considered as traditional. Despite the confidence in science, historical analyses show that most theories shift over time and old theories are discarded as new ones are used as a result of paradigm shift in scientific thought. Even within the field of physics which seeks to simplify the components of nature, it is not accepted that everything can be explained. Society’s “faith” in science differs a great deal as some scientists continue to believe that certain “realities” can be proven while others are again looking at how flexible the “realities” in science are now and will continue to be. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJTeres1.rtf

A History Of The Science Of Biology
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A 5 page overview of the major developments in the biological sciences beginning in 500 BC and continuing at approximately 500 year intervals up till the present. Outlines major players and obstacles. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Biohist.wps

A Look at Different Ideas About the Human Mind, Evolution and Culture
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This 4 page paper compares and contrasts Ian Steward and Jack Cohen's Figments of Reality with Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel. Ideas about evolution, the mind and culture and how it interrelates are discussed. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA309evo.rtf

A Proposal for an E-mail Based Study Designed to Quantify the Relationship Between Domestic Abuse and Alcohol
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An 8 page overview of the relationship which exists between alcohol consumption and incidents of alcohol abuse. This paper reviews the literature to validate that relationship then presents a proposal for an e-mail based study to further quantify it. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPalcVio.rtf

A Star is Born
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An 8 page paper detailing the birth of a star. A star, like the sun, is a compiled mass of gases. In the examination of the birth of a star we first discuss the formation in a simple description. This is followed by a plausible theory for the formation of our solar system, which gives a very good look at the involvement of stars, as well as the formation and creation of one. It has often been said that we are all made up of the stars when it comes right down to basics, that is if one believes in the big bang theory. This is also discussed briefly along with a current illustration and description of red stars, which helps to illustrate what stars are and how they can often differ from one another. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Starborn.wps

A Study Using the Scientific Method
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A 3 page research paper that, first of all, defines what by the “scientific method.” Then the writer describes a study that follows the method and argues that the scientific method was well utilized by the researchers.
Filename: khcrabsm.rtf

A “Smart” Cell Phone Antenna
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A 6 page paper discussing the development and use of the “smart” antenna as a method of reducing the level of radiation exposure resulting from cellular telephone use. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSeeCellAnt.rtf

Aaron Antonovsky/Unraveling the mystery of health
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A 5 page analysis of Aaron Antonovsky's book Unraveling the Mystery of Health: how people manage stress and stay well. In this book, Antonovsky presents an alternative way of looking at health, which instead of emphasizing the origins of disease, takes a different stance, and focuses on how health can be maintained. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99antsky.rtf

Absolute Zero
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This 5 page paper focuses on the concept of absolute zero but explains other principles of thermodynamics. The reason why absolute zero can never be achieved is included as well as a look at implications for the future. How close scientists have been able to come to achieving the coldest temperature on Earth is discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA1420.rtf

Acid Rain: Impacts to Soil and Water
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A 6 page discussion of the impacts of acid rain. This paper details the chemical impacts to soil and water as well as to the physiological function of biological organisms. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPacidRC.rtf

Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans
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A 14 page discussion of the physiological mechanism employed by this species of oral bacteria which allow it to exist in the rapidly fluctuating pH levels of the human mouth. The author details how the cellular membrane of the organism is critical in this process, selectively allowing protons to pass out of the cell and preventing them from passing into the cell. This ability allows S. mutans a selective advantage. Acidogenicity (the ability to generate acid) and acidurance (the ability to function in an acidic environment) are the primary physiological traits of this organism which make it such an important factor in the production of dental caries as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPstrept.rtf

Acritarch Radiation in The Neoproterozoic
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This page paper looks at the evolution of the acritarch as evidenced by the fossil record and seeks to explain the sudden changes that took place over a period of fifteen million years during the Neoproterozoic, which long lasting implications into the Cambrian period. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEacritar.rtf

Action And Physical Properties Of Magma
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An 8 page paper discussing the origin, movement and physical attributes of the substance that is known as lava once it exits its volcano. Formed under intense heat (up to 4300C) and pressure, magma has no choice but to rise. The absolute chemical composition varies according to location on the earth's surface, and chemical changes in the magma as it moves toward the surface opening it seeks can span a range of changes as minerals are precipitated out of the magma and sink downward through it again. Regrettably, old mudflows of prior eruptions appear to many to be good homesites as builders populate the paths of former mudflow channels with homes in the shadow of still-active volcanoes. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Magma.wps

Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading
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A 2 1/2 page paper which discusses various aspects of the article "Activation of the Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading" by Gemma A. Calvert, Edward T. Bullmore, Michael J. Brammer, Ruth Campbell, Steven C. R. Williams, Philip K. McGuire, Peter W. R. Woodruff, Susan D. Iverson, and Anthony S. David. The paper analyzes the argument, the evidence, and the reasoning presented in the research article. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAliprfax.wps