John Locke/Second Treatise
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A 5 page essay that discusses Locke's purpose in writing his Second Treatise on Government. In his preface, Locke expresses his intention to justify the rule of King William and disprove the philosophy of Robert Filmer. In his Second Treatise, Locke succeeds in his purpose, showing that government whose sovereignty derives form the consent of the governed need not lay a foundation for perpetual "Disorder and Mischief, Tumult, Sedition and Rebellion" (Locke, 1998). He achieves this purpose largely through his logical commentary, which distinguishes between a State of Nature (SN) and a State of War (SW). Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khlocke2.rtf

John Locke: Freedom, Equality, and Consent as it Relates to Membership in Civil Society
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A 5 page overview of Locke’s philosophies in regard to freedom and equality. This paper explores Locke’s contention in the Second Treatise Locke presented his belief that while the state of nature was a state of free and equal individuals, membership in civil society was based upon the premise of active consent. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPlocke2.rtf

John Locke’s Majority and Thomas Hobbes Sovereignty
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This 5 page report discusses Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and John Locke (1632-1704) and their points of view as related to the concept of “majority” (Locke) and sovereignty (Hobbes). . In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes presents man as a machine operating on the basis of cause-and-effect or stimulus-response. Locke believes that the only reason society degenerates to armed conflict and strife is because of a depletion of the essential ingredients of an individual or a community’s self-preservation. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWmajsov.rtf

John Locke’s “Second Treatise on Government”: Locke’s View of Human Nature and the Only Legitimate Form of Government
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This is a 4 page paper discussing human nature and government based on mutual consent from John Locke’s his “Second Treatise on Government” (1690). John Locke within his “Second Treatise on Government” covers the development of the need for civil government based on the laws of Nature and those of man. Firstly, in Nature, all men are equal and it is within human nature to love and want to be loved by others, humans, with whom they are equal. Despite this love for other humans however, Locke also acknowledges that man realizes that human nature has weaknesses and because of this men mutually agree to follow the laws of Nature which will not allow men to harm another’s life, property, health or freedom. Men also mutually agree on laws within their government by which all men must consent or be punished if broken. The consent to follow mutual laws is also applied to government in that as man chooses to become a member of society he also agrees to the mutual terms set out by the government he choose to support within society. Civil government can only be effective if it extends the human nature of man to be equal by the mutual consent of all those concerned. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TJJLSTG1.rtf

John Rawls/Justice as Fairness
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A 10 page research paper/essay that examines the "justice as fairness" doctrine of John Rawls, who is considered to be one of the most notable political theorists of the twentieth century. The writer examines his theory, gives an overview, and discusses its weak areas. Rawls' books A Theory of Justice and Justice as Fairness as consulted. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khjrawls.rtf

John Rawls’ Theories of Social Justice and Human Rights and Their Applications to Issues in Today’s Society
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This is a 20 page paper discussing the political philosophies of John Rawls and their applications in today’s society. The political philosophies of John Rawls have included the aspects of theories of justice, justice as fairness, and political liberalism which are all used in the moral rights of citizens and the structure of society to provide social justice and equal human rights. Within the structure of society, Rawls believes that representatives from every generation should be allowed to bargain for an agreement of principles in societies but must all agree on two major principles: one, that each person has the absolute right to basic liberties and freedoms; and, two that social and economic inequalities can occur with fair competition but the inequalities must always benefit the least advantaged in society. Although Rawls has received some criticism on his philosophies over the years, largely because he does not stipulate which ends are to be met in society but only the process which must take place in the bargaining aspect of social justice, his theories have been used in relation to many modern issues including the fight for the rights of minorities, women, religious tolerance, sexual preference, family issues and special education. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TJRawls1.rtf

John Stuart Mill on What Constitutes a Good Marriage
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A 5 page paper which examines John Stuart Mill's concept of an ideal marriage, and his description of what a good marriage should be like, as considered in "The Subjection of Women."
Filename: TGjsmarg.wps

John Stuart Mill/On Liberty
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A 5 page essay that presents a summary of Mill's principal points in On Liberty. The writer presents two arguments against each point and evaluates Mill's position. Chapter one is examined thoroughly and subsequent chapters are briefly summarized. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khjsmol4.rtf

John Stuart Mill:
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This 5 page paper examines Mill's theory of untilitarianism and if it conflicts with his theory of liberal government. This paper cites examples from his work and offers an analysis as to why these two theories do not actually conflict. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSJSMill.rtf

John Walker Lindh
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This 3 page paper discusses the "American Taliban," John Walker Lindh and his motivation for joining the Taliban, and the case against him. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVJLindh.rtf

Jonathan Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels”: A Political Expose
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A 4 page contention that “Gulliver’s Travels”, a work which on the surface is a fictional tale of giants and dwarfs, contains a deep societal message. In Part I of “Gulliver’s Travels” (“A Voyage to Lilliput”) Gulliver sets a stage of humility and then follows up on that stage in Part II (“A Voyage to Brobdingnag”) with a political expose of what is really England between 1667 and 1745 (the span of Swift’s lifetime), one of the most turbulent time in English history. Swift’s intent in “Gulliver’s Travels”, therefore, is much more than providing an enjoyable work of fiction. “Gulliver’s Travels” is a recognition and, in fact, a protest of the imperialistic tendency to control a people. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPswift2.rtf

Just War
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A 5 page research paper that, first of all, looks at the Islamic, Jewish, and Christian stance on what constitutes a "just war." Then, the writer addresses the principles of Just War Theory, which have been laid out by Augustine, Aquinas, and others and applies these principles to the 2003 conflict in Iraq. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khjutwar.rtf

Just War Theory
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A 3 page paper which summarizes the Just War Theory. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAjuwar.rtf

Justifying Power
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A 5 page essay that addresses the topic of political expediency. Presumably leaders and nations base their actions on rationales that place put a priority on the welfare of the people, rather than political expediency. However, in the early sixteenth century, Niccolo Machiavelli pointed out that actions that are political expedient are necessary in order for those who are in power to remain in power. Rather than going through the charade of pretending that there are other rationales for authoritarian action, Machiavelli cut to the heart of the matter and laid out a course of action for rulers, based on his observations of human nature, that he calculated as effective and these actions were based on political expediency rather than morality. This examination of political expediency looks first at Machiavelli's philosophy and then at how it is evidenced in British colonial policy in the first half of the twentieth century as evidenced in the writing of George Orwell. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khpolex.rtf

Karl Marx’s Contribution to Political Thought
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This 10 page report discusses the fact that in any discussion or research on the works of Karl Marx, that he had a singular premise, whether it related to politics, economics, or sociology. Marx’s declaration, simplistically reduced, was that all events are determined by economic forces. In terms of his separate political perspective, as much as it could ever be separated from his point of view regarding economics, it was not as opposite to the politics of many of the great politicians in the world’s modern democracies. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWmarpol.wps

Ketti/Transformation of Governance/chaps. 4-7
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An 8 page book report that gives a chapter-by-chapter summary of chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 from Donald Ketti's text The Transformation of Governance (2002). Each chapter summary is roughly 2 pages long and briefly addresses the chapter content. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khketti.rtf

Kidnapping: A Terrorist Weapon of Mass Effect
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A 14 page analysis of the phenomenon of terrorist kidnappings. This paper explores the motivations and the world impacts of these acts. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPterrKidnapping.rtf