Guarding Against Terrorism
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A 4 page discussion of the varying foci that represent world preparation for terrorism. Each nation has developed its own approach in this task but all of these approaches share certain similarities. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPterrWrldIntelligence.rtf

Hacker’s models of terrorism applied to Bin Laden and al Qaeda
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A paper which looks critically at Hacker's categorisation of terrorists as crusaders, criminals and crazies, in relation to other theories of terrorism and with specific reference to the philosophy and activities of Bin Laden and al-Qaeda. Bibliography lists 19 sources.
Filename: JL22terrcrus.rtf

Haiti - U.S. Relations: Embargoes
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A 5 page paper that explores the sanctions imposed on Haiti by the U.S. and the UN. A timeline is presented to explain the reasons for the embargoes. The effects of the embargoes are discussed, such as a flourishing black market. The disagreement about the sanctions is also explored. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGhaiti.wps

Haiti Adrift
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A 12 page paper examining current conditions in Haiti and their historical context. Haiti exists as a symbol of shame for the world’s developed nations. Ravaged by European influences in times past, it now is being neglected literally to death by those who have the ability to help in meaningful ways. The purpose here is to assess US involvement in Haiti over the years, and whether it has had any lasting effect. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KShaitiAdr.rtf

Haitian Immigrants in the United States
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This 5 page report discusses the experiences of Haitians that have immigrated to the United States. The struggles faced by immigrants has always been one requiring a great deal of personal determination in the midst of hardship, whether it was the Irish and Italians at the start of the 20th century or the Central Americans and Haitians in the last decades of the century. However, Haitians have also had to deal with more bigotry and racial discrimination than any of the fair-skinned immigrants of Europe. In addition, they have had to endure political controversy threatening their ability of remaining in the U.S. In many ways, they have had to deal with far greater problems than virtually any other immigrant population. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWhtnimm.wps

Hardin's Theory of the Commons and the Failure of the Kyoto Accords
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This 5 page paper discusses Hardin's theory of the commons and uses it to explain the success of the Antarctic Treaty and the law of the sea; and how it can also account for the failure to implement the provisions of the Kyoto Accords. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVTheCom.rtf

Has Geoeconomics Replaced Geostrategy?
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This 5 page paper contends that geoeconomics has replaced geostrategy, at least ideologically. The cold war is seen as a precursor to the modern world order where indeed geoeconomics is at the forefront. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA016geo.rtf

Hegemonic Stability Theory: How It Relates To The Middle East
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8 pages in length. The hegemonic stability theory, which stresses the importance of a central stabilizing force that keeps a international system from breaking apart, can readily be applied to the manner by which the middle east has taken such a formidable stance within the political world. What is at the heart of middle eastern hegemony, and why is it important to understand the phenomenon of associated global conflict? These are two immensely important questions that share the same answer. At the core of global strife are the following explosive issues: nuclear power and economic development; from these two considerations grow all other reasons that instigate war between world countries, such as it being a matter of foreign policy; the concept that a free world is a safer world; the spread of democracy; to protect one’s own interests; and to create allies. All these reasons for global conflict may appear worthy, but they are really just a means by which to gain and maintain hegemonic power. One might readily argue, however, that the middle east asserts its hegemony in the most socially, economically and politically damaging ways as possible, representing the cyclical composition of its existence. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLChegem.wps

Henry David Thoreau and the War in Iraq
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This 3 page paper uses Thoreau's comments in Chapter 6 of "Walden" to discuss the war in Iraq. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVThoIrq.rtf

Henry David Thoreau: Host to a Twenty-First Century Policy Retreat!
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An 8 page exploration of Thoreau’s philosophies as they relate to contemporary events in the twenty-first century. Written from the perspective of an observer at a policy retreat sponsored by Thoreau at Walden Pond this paper contrasts Thoreau’s ideologies with those of his workshop attendants, attendants composed of a veteran a student from the U.S., Great Britain, Iraq, North Korea, and South Korea. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPthorea.rtf

Henry Kissinger and the Sinai Accords
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This is a 13 page paper discussing Henry Kissinger’s involvement in the negotiation of the Sinai Accords and the affects of the accords on the Arab-Israeli conflict. The Sinai I and II Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1974 and 1975 were largely the result of negotiation efforts made by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in his step-by-step process aptly named “shuttle diplomacy” between the two countries. Kissinger spent over three years intervening between Egypt and Israel eventually finding concessions which resulted in Israel’s occupying army withdrawing from parts of the Egyptian Sinai. Kissinger did not want an American presence in the Sinai but eventually both sides agreed to Sinai II only if there was an American civilian presence and American funding for an Egyptian surveillance station to match the Israeli surveillance station on either side of the buffer zone. After Kissinger’s retirement in 1977, progress in the Middle East seemed to stall and negotiations were taken up by President Carter in 1978 with the development of the Camp David Accords. While Kissinger’s peace keeping efforts were applauded, several issues within the Middle East remained untouched including the U.S. non-recognition of Palestine despite its acceptance by the UN. This caused a great deal of additional tension in the area as many of the Arab nations preferred negotiations through the UN and not those initiated by the U.S. Conflicts still continue in the Middle East despite various peace accords over the years and Kissinger himself once commented that the area must find “some solution which balances the Arab need for self-esteem with Israeli security. I’m not sure it exists”. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJHKiss1.rtf

Henry Kissinger’s Contribution to Jewish American and American History
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A 5 page paper which examines the life and contributions of Henry Kissinger to Jewish American history and American history in general. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAkissng.rtf

Hoge, Understanding the War on Terror
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A 6 page research paper that profiles a specific text. Understanding the War on Terror is an insightful anthology of essays, edited by James F. Hoge, Jr., that collectively seek to offer readers comprehension on what many Americans continue to regard as inexplicable. By examining the arguments made in a selection of these essays, this discussion will address which countries in the world affect the U.S. war on terror to the greatest extent and how experts propose that the federal government can work with these countries to fight terrorism effectively. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khhoge.rtf

Homeland Security/Effective Guard or "Big Brother"
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A 5 page research paper that offers an overview evaluation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Proponents of Homeland Security argue that this institution is a necessary precaution for ensuring national security. Opponents wonder if its powers will be used to justify the "exercise of prerogative power" in a manner that is harmful to the constitutionally guaranteed freedoms (Relyea, 2002). This examination of the record of Homeland Security, thus far, attempts to discern, which of these positions has the greatest validity. The writer concludes that the DHS is "better than nothing," but not by much. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: khdhs.rtf

How and Why do Treaties between Nations Lead to Instability
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This 8 page report discusses the title question and the various frameworks of international treaties. Certainly all such agreements require some measure of compromise to harmonize the diverse legal structures of member nations. International agreements often incorporate clauses that delegate implementation authority to domestic agencies and bypass national legislatures. A balance between accountability and executive discretion must be found and both independent and independent variables must be considered. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWtreaty.wps

How And Why The Cold War Began
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12 pages in length. The writer cites the Yalta Convention, paranoia, suspicion, foreign policy and imperialism as the primary reasons for the Cold War. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCColdWarBg.rtf

How Can The U.S. Credibly And Ethically Deter Adherents Of Extremist Religious Ideologies From Engaging In Terrorist Activity?
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15 pages in length. Deterring undesirable behavior in general typically elicits the response to disturb the perpetrator's life in some significant way so he will make the conscious decision to stop the behavior. Children who act out are often restricted from doing a particular activity they truly covet, thereby impacting their lives by forcibly forfeiting their pleasure principle. Once this valued commodity is withdrawn once or twice, the child learns how the motivation to display the undesirable behavior is not as valuable as the absent activity and chooses to stop. This basic standard of punishment/reward can only work, however, when the perpetrator actually values something in his life and will respond when it is removed; because al-Qaeda does not value life - even and perhaps especially their own - universal terrorist-related punishment of losing one's freedom and even one's life holds no threat and thereby fails to quell terrorist activity. In order to reach these soulless individuals and deter their terrorist pursuits, the end result must be to thwart the one thing that matters to them: the intended outcome of their terrorist pursuits. In short, America must refrain from reacting to and/or reciprocating terrorist activity inasmuch as this is precisely what al-Qaeda wants. Bibliography lists 18 sources.
Filename: TLCDeter_Terror.rtf