Paul Bernal - An American-Indian & Hero
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4 pages on Paul Bernal-- a genuine Native Indian and historical figure presented in McCutchen & Gordon's '[The] Taos Indians and the Battle for Blue Lake.' The writer describes Bernal's heroic qualities, admirable leadership skills, and many accomplishments in helping his people to retain their sacred land which was threatened by the United States government. No Bibliography.
Filename: Paulbern.wps

Review / Book Focuses Upon Native Indian Technology
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In this 5 page review of Jerry Mander's 'In The Absence Of the Sacred,' the writer looks closely at sections dealing with technology of Native Indians prior to the arrival of Europeans and contrasts (i.e., land cultivation, food storage, shelter, etc;) their nature-orientated society with the greedy, technology-based society of Americans today. No other sources cited.
Filename: Sacred3.wps

The Dawes Act of 1887
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3 pages in length. In the past century with the end of the warfare between the United States and Indian tribes and nations, the United States of America continued its efforts to acquire more land for the Indians. About this time the government and the 'Indian reformers' tried to turn Indians into Americans. A major aspect of this plan was the General Allotment or Dawes Act of 1887 which ended in 1934. The long term effects of the program were not as helpful as many had planned it to be, and in fact the effects of poverty as a result of this government interference can still be felt by the tribes today. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAdawes.wps

Native American World View
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A 5 page essay discussing the Native American society and conservatism. Issues discussed include world view orientation, impact of the Western traders and other influences on Native American world view and concluding remarks regarding the validity of the conservatism argument. No sources are listed.
Filename: NatAmCo.wps

Native American Survival as it Relates to Alexis de Tocqueville’s Dire Predictions
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A 6 page discussion of Native American survival into contemporary times even in the face of great odds. Notes the perceptions of Alexis de Tocqueville on his trip to the U.S. in 1831 and asserts that even given the dire predictions Tocqueville made, the Native American has managed to not only survive but in many cases to prosper. Relates the economic success of the Mississippi Choctaw as testament to this assertion. Bibliography lists 6 sources. PPnaTocq.rtf
Filename: PPnaTocq.rtf

Marriage / A Comparison Of Three Indigenous Cultures
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A 9 page overview of marriage in three indigenous cultures from three separate geographic areas: The Inca, the Navajo and the Masai. Provides general information about marital responsibilities and ritual. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Mrgritua.wps

Gender Roles in Incan Society
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An 8 page overview of the role of women in Incan society. Discusses gender roles and concludes that although some societal responsibilities were dependent on a person's gender, Incan women were an integral part of Incan society and a part which is more aptly viewed as equal rather than inferior. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Incgen.wps

The Decline of a Stabilized Civilization: Incan Life Before European Intervention and After the Fall of Native Control
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This 30 page paper considers the impact of the European intervention in Latin American and the influence on Incan society. This research study maintains support for the thesis that European intervention was not a positive force and resulted in the decline of the already stabilized Incan civilization that resulted from the fall of native control. This research study also incorporates the perspectives of current history students regarding the transformation of Incan culture following the European intervention, and considers how this might impact the sense that current history is based on a revisionist ideal. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: MHincan.wps

The Spanish Conquest Of Peru
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The history of Peru certainly didn't begin with the Spanish invasion. Before the soldiers from Spain came in search of gold, land and the glory of God, there was a large and prosperous indigenous population known as the Inca. This 5 page paper gives a brief history of the invasion of Peru by the Spanish. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KTspconq.wps

Mayan - Inca Political Structure / Religious Influence Of The Architectural Layout & Planning Of Teotihuacan
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4 pages in length. The writer discusses similarities and differences between the Mayan and Inca political structure, as well as addresses the religious influences of the architectural layout and planning of Teotihuacan. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Incamay.wps

History & Use of the Mayan Calendar
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8 pages in length. A thorough discussion of Native Indian (Mexico) rituals concerning the use of the sun and moon as instruments to determine calendar dates. The creation, carving, and shaping of actual Mayan calendars is discussed as is the culture's ancient numbering system - figures of dots and bars based on five. Annual calendar cycles and chronology are explained in great detail. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Mayancal.wps

South-American Native Tribes
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A 10 page research paper discussing the history, culture, anthropology, and social evolution of three groups of Native Indians : The Yanomamo (regarded as one of the most violent societies on Earth !), the Zapotecs (known for architecture & urban development), and the Yucatecs (relevant to Mayans) Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Zapotec.rtf

The Developmental Trajectories Of The Basin Of Mexico & The Mayan Lowlands
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6 pages in length. The writer discusses similarities and differences as they relate to the developmental trajectories of the basin of Mexico and the Maya Lowlands, as well as addresses Copan involvement in the Mayan collapse. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Meximay.wps

The Mayan and Their Interaction with the Franciscan Missionaries
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A 5 page discussion of the interactions of the Maya and the Franciscan Missionaries. Presents the view that the Franciscan goal revolved around two issues: conversion of the Maya to Christianity and the production of revenue for Spain. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPmayan.wps

Ethnohistory of Sitting Bull and the Lakota Sioux: A Book Review
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A 7 page overview and critique of “Sitting Bull and the Paradox of the Lakota Nationhood”, an ethnohistory written by Gary Clayton Anderson and published by Talman Company in 1996. Condenses the life of the Lakota Sioux during the time of Sitting Bull. Illuminates their relationship with the U.S. government as well as aspects of their culture such as the Ghost Dance and the importance of Sitting Bull in this culture. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPnaSitB.wps

Lakota Woman
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A 6 page paper summarizing the key points of the book of the same name, written in 1990 by Mary Crow Dog, a Lakota Indian. The book describes not only the challenges faced by Indians as a result of the intrusion of the federal government into Indian life, but specifically tells about the 1973 siege of the historic site of Wounded Knee. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Lakota.wps

Lakota Woman As Bildingsroman
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A 7 page paper looking at Mary Crow Dog's autobiography in terms of its function as a coming-of-age story, or bildingsroman. The paper shows how Crow Dog's story not only tells the story of her own life but serves as a metaphor for the emergence of the entire Indian nation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Lak3.wps