How to Translate
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A 3 page "how to" paper written as a speech explaining the process of translating text from one language to another. There are three main steps, including preparation, text production and proofreading for meaning and accuracy. Machine translation is fine for many uses where accuracy is not critical. At about 70 percent accuracy, it is fine to use for websites or email, but human translation should be 100 percent accurate, including meaning that is implied but not specifically stated in the text. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KStranslate.rtf

How, When And Why People Use "Code Switching" In Language
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4 pages in length. Surviving in a multicultural society requires myriad social tools – both intrinsic and man-made – to uphold the requisite behaviors expected of those who are not native to the community. Code switching has become one of the most popular – if not one of the most controversial – examples of how the spoken language has fallen victim to the lazy tongues of many bi- and multilingual societies. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCCodeSw.rtf

Human and Non-Human Communication
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This 3 page paper looks at communication, language and speech in the context of cultural anthropology. Examples are provided for human and non-human forms of communication. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA342com.rtf

HUMANIST VERSUS STRUCTURALIST PHILOSOPHIES
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This 4 page paper discusses the humanist views of William Wordsworth to the structuralists views of T.S. Eliot, Jonathan Culler and Michael Foucault. Quotes Cited from the text. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBstruc.rtf

Impact of Demographic and Culture Factors on Non Verbal Communication
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This paper summarizes a 60-page article about non-verbal communication and the literature available on this topic. The information was paraphrased for a speech.
Filename: MTverspe.rtf

Infant Awareness
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A 6 page paper which discusses infant awareness as it is proposed by Locke with theories of blank slates and the theories of Chomsky who believed that infants are born with a sense of awareness. The paper argues that Chomsky is accurate in his theories. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAinfnt2.rtf

Informal Time Terms
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This 3 page paper discusses ambiguity in language, particularly with regard to phrases dealing with time ("as soon as possible" for instance), and how we can reduce ambiguity when we use them. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVTimTrm.rtf

Interlanguage Variability
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This 10 page paper examines the role and development of interlanguage and interlanguage variability in the acquisition of a second language (L2). The paper looks at the main theories, including Selinker, Adejemain, Tarone and Ellis. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEinlang.rtf

International Students Entering The USA From Turkey, Croatia, China, Japan And Indonesia: Language Barriers
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5 pages in length. International students entering the USA from Turkey, Croatia, China, Japan and Indonesia are bound to encounter communication errors and barriers that address the significant cultural differences these students may face when relocating to an entirely different country. With English being one of the most difficult languages to learn because of its syntax, phonology and morphology, it is easy to see why students from these countries might have a troublesome time integrating both culturally and linguistically. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCLngCu.rtf

Interpersonal Communication/Listening Skills
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A 4 page research paper on listening skills. The writer focuses on listening styles, barriers to listening and strategies to make listening more efficient. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khlis3.rtf

Intimacy and Verbal Irony
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This 7 page paper examines this subject through the works of various theorists. How irony is used to convey ideas and how ironic comments are interpreted is discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA528iry.rtf

IRISH LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORY
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This 11-page paper details the Irish language, focusing on its history and development from the Celt tongue. Also discussed in this paper are the use of Irish language as it pertains to education, poltics, religious teachings and so on. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MTirilan.rtf

Is Black English Vernacular a “Real Language?”
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This 10 page paper discusses Black English Vernacular (BVE) – also called African American English Vernacular (AAVE), Black English and/or Ebonics, and argues that it is a real construct, but the debate continues over whether or not it is a language or a dialect. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: HVBEVRel.rtf

Is the Enhanced Perception of Received Pronunciation a form of Snobbery?
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This 3 page paper considers the statement that Received Pronunciation (RP) is only one accent among many, and to consider it of any importance is only snobbery. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TErecpron.rtf

Issue / Language Changes Context
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A 12 page research paper addressing the debate on whether context shapes language or language shapes context. The writer argues that only language can shape context because even context-supportive theorists argue that context is static and only language is changing. To support the argument, the writer focuses on language that has moved a nation, specifically that used by Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and William Clinton. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: Cnlangcn.wps

Italian Loanwords and English
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This 6 page report discusses the common use of Italian words as a part of the English language. Many words of Italian origin have been incorporated into the English language over the years. Some of these include gondola, cameo, arsenal, regatta, fresco, studio, vendetta, broccoli, motto, piano, opera, grotto, violin, volcano, basilica, stucco, terra-cotta, umbrella, and inferno. The list is immense and can be seen as part of the ways in which age-old Italian concepts and traditions have become a part of the melting-pot reality of modern America. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWitaeng.rtf

Kinesics
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In 5 pages, the author having observed people interact at the mall, estimates how much of their messages are being overtly stated and how much of it is given in kinesics. No sources are cited.
Filename: PCkine.doc