Jackie Robinson's Social Contributions
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An 8 page paper discussing the social effect felt by Jackie Robinson's addition to the Dodgers. He suffered incredible verbal abuse and even threats of death, yet continued with his mission. He summarized the source of his drive in his last book: 'I cannot, as an individual, rejoice in the good things I have been permitted to work for and learn while the humblest of my brothers is down in a deep hole hollering for help and not being heard. That is why I have devoted and dedicated my life to service.' Jackie Robinson did more perhaps than any other black man in breaking color barriers. Without discounting the contributions of other civil rights workers, Jackie Robinson became a master of breaking the white man's rules yet remaining within those same rules. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: JackieRo.wps

The Nation of Islam in Chicago
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This 12 page paper presents the development of the Nation of Islam in Chicago and its emerging importance as a component of the stabilization of the Black community. This paper argues that the development of the Nation of Islam led to the creation of Chicago as it currently exists, and defines the correlation between the Nation of Islam and the demographic composition of the city. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: MHIslam_

Gwendolyn Brooks / Poems
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A 5 page analysis of 3 of Gwendolyn Brooks' poems. The writer looks at 'A Sunset of the City,' 'When you have forgotten Sunday: The Love Story,' and 'Corners on the Curving Sky' as being representative of Brooks' style and also of how Brooks consistently expresses emotions which are universal to human experience. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Gwenbrok.wps

The Poetry Of Gwendolyn Brooks / Growing Up, Reaching Out
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A 6 page paper on three poems by this well-known Black American. The poems explicated are 'Hunchback Girl: She Thinks of Heaven;' 'We Real Cool;' and 'The Ballad of Chocolate Mabbie,' and the paper looks at them in terms of their evocation of the experience of growing up. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: Gbroo.wps

Frederick Douglass: Public Speaker at his Best
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6 pages in length. This paper analyzes the style and structure of the Frederick Douglass speech, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July." Frederick Douglass was known as a brilliant speaker, and his position as adviser to President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War helped him to become a powerful voice for human rights. His contributions against racial injustice are revered to this day. This paper comments on his argumentative and talented approach to leading an audience. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAfdoug.wps

College Football Coaching & Racism
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An 11 page look at issues concerning racism and the football coach. Various historic studies are cited concerning such items as 'racial stacking' in professional football and its relevance to the collegic sports environment. Bibliography lists approximately 18 sources.
Filename: Coachrac.wps

Harlem Renaissance Art and the Re-Awakening
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A 5 page paper in which the writer argues that literature written by Black authors during the early 1920s opened up a discourse between Black artists, militants and intellectuals that helped forge a Black American identity that served the Civil Rights and Pan American movements. One artist who helped to continually reopen this discussion and propel the newly found forms of black expression into a militant arena was Claude McKay through his work 'Home to Harlem.' Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Harlemr.wps

MacKay's 'Home to Harlem'
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A 5 page argumentative essay that posits that Mackay used his artistic genius to make a cry for freedom during the Harlem Renaissance, and that his story was written as a warning to his community that the beauty that was Harlem then, may not last. He asserted that it might be in error that Black Americans were expected to live in only a small neighborhood in New York. By accepting this enslavement, they were giving up their newly won freedom. The writer argues that although his contemporaries tried to hush his voice, art seeks to be heard even by only one ear, and as such, MacKay's story did not go unheard. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Clmackay.wps

Necessities Of War / Civil War & Vietnam War
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A 5 page essay comparing and contrasting some of the many events of the Civil War and the Vietnam War. Lincoln said that there were necessities of war. What did he mean? This is the specific question explored in this essay. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Civiet.wps

And the War Came
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A 5 page paper discussing the book, 'And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis 1860-1861,' by Kenneth M. Stampp. In this book the author gives an incredibly detailed account of the involvement of President Lincoln in relationship to the prevalent issues at hand during the time of the Civil War. No additional sources are provided.
Filename: Warcame.wps

Civil War Consequences
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The Civil War had little or nothing to do with the freeing of the slaves. It's purpose was political and profound in the changes it brought to the economic and military policies of the United States. This is a 5 page paper that examines the actual causes of the Civil War, the agenda of the Lincoln administration and the consequences of these policies. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Civcons.wps

The Emancipation Proclamation
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The Civil War was the most devastating event in the history of the United States. The political, social and economic effects of that particular war are still being felt today. The 'cause' of the Civil War is generally understood to be the controversy surrounding slavery and the abolition of that institution. This 12 page paper explores the social, political and economic forces leading to the Emancipation Proclamation. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KTemapro.wps

A History of Desegregation
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An 8 page paper that provides an overview of the history of desegregation in the United States that stemmed from the Brown v. the Board of Education decision and the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Deseghis.wps

Abandoning The Freed Men - Civil Rights In The Late 19th Century
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A 6 page research paper which discusses the Compromise of 1877. There was an incredibly close Presidential election in which the Democratic candidate, Tilden, won the popular vote, and the Republican candidate, Rutherford Hayes, won the electoral college. This threw the race into the House of Representatives to be decided. The compromise which was worked out gave the election to the Republicans in exchange for concessions which effectively nullified the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, and condemned Blacks to a subordinate role to whites which lasted till the time of the 1960s Civil Rights movement. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Abanfree.wps

Black Leadership Since The Civil Rights Movement
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A 3 page paper dealing with the history of Black Civil Rights in the U.S. Discusses the progression of Blacks into mainstream society, gives an outline of black leadership from the 1960's to present, and provides a listing of elements which are critical to black leadership. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Bleader.wps

Civil Rights Movement 1945-1965
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A 5 page paper discussing events of that time period that brought about the civil rights of African Americans. This time period in history was instrumental in building a foundation for later achievements and victories within the civil rights movement. President Kennedy is described and his efforts towards the movement. Also included is Martin Luther King who was essentially the voice for the civil rights movement. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Civilr3.wps

George Wallace / Both Sides Of The Coin -- The Civil Rights Movement
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A 7 page paper on George Wallace and the role he played in the civil rights movement. His was a fight to gain office more than that of hatred. He spoke hatred because people listened. He struggled for segregation and lost but gained support in his presidential campaigning. He was shot in 1972 and changed his beliefs and attitudes 100%. He now stands for equality instead of against it. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Wallace.wps